What Is a Fire Pump and How Does It Work?

A fire pump is a vital component of a fire protection system, designed to supply high-pressure water to sprinklers and standpipes in case of a fire emergency. Installed in buildings where the existing water supply is insufficient, fire pumps ensure an adequate water flow for effective firefighting.

How Does a Fire Pump Work?

Fire pumps activate when the sprinkler system detects a drop in pressure due to water discharge. This triggers the pump to draw water from a reliable source—such as a fire water tank or a city supply—boosting the pressure to meet fire protection requirements.

Types of Fire Pumps

1. Electric Fire Pump – Powered by electricity, offering reliable performance in areas with a stable power supply.
2. Diesel Fire Pump – Ideal for locations where power outages are a concern, ensuring operation even in emergencies.
3. Jockey Pump – A small auxiliary pump that maintains system pressure, preventing unnecessary activation of the main fire pump.
4. Vertical Turbine Fire Pump – Used where water sources like underground tanks or wells require pumping to the system.

Why Are Fire Pumps Essential?

• Compliance with NFPA 20 and UL/FM standards
• Ensures sufficient water pressure for high-rise buildings and large facilities
• Critical for fire safety systems in industrial, commercial, and residential buildings

Conclusion

A well-maintained fire pump is crucial for a fire suppression system to function effectively. Understanding how fire pumps work can help building owners and fire safety professionals ensure proper fire protection.