Electric fire pumps are the heartbeat of many fire protection systems. Regular testing is essential to ensure they are ready to perform during an emergency. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) outlines specific procedures for testing electric fire pumps, primarily under NFPA 20 (Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection) and NFPA 25 (Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems).

Here’s a simple, step-by-step guide to help you test an electric fire pump according to NFPA standards:

1. Understand the Testing Frequency

• Weekly: Conduct a no-flow (churn) test.

• Annually: Perform a full-flow test to evaluate the pump's performance across different flow rates.

2. Prepare for the Test

• Verify that all system components are ready: valves open, controllers set to automatic, water supplies available.

• Notify the building occupants and the fire department, if required, before conducting tests to avoid false alarms.

3. Conduct the Weekly No-Flow (Churn) Test

• Start the electric fire pump manually or allow it to start automatically by dropping pressure in the system.

• Observe and record:

  • Pump operation (smoothness, unusual noises)

  • Suction and discharge pressures

  • System pressure maintenance

  • Controller operation and signals

• Let the pump run for at least 10 minutes (for electric-driven pumps).

4. Conduct the Annual Flow Test

• Connect hoses to discharge test headers or flow into a test loop where water can be safely drained.

• Measure flow at:

  • 100% rated flow

  • 150% rated flow

  • Shutoff (no flow)

• Key readings to record:

  • Suction pressure

  • Discharge pressure

  • Flow rate

  • Pump motor voltage and amperage

Compare your test results with the pump’s original factory performance curve. If the pump's performance falls below 95% of its original performance, troubleshooting and potential corrective actions are required.

5. Inspect Critical Components

During and after testing, inspect:

• Pump casing for leaks

• Bearings for overheating

• Motor conditions

• Controller alarms and indicator lights

• Pressure relief valves (if present)

6. Record and Report Results

NFPA requires accurate documentation. Record:

• Date and time

• Personnel conducting the test

• Test results (pressures, flows, amps, volts)

• Any deficiencies or corrective actions taken

Maintain these records for future inspections and compliance reviews.

7. Common Issues Found During Testing

• Suction line obstructions

• Low voltage or high amperage readings

• Worn or damaged impellers

• Controller failures or alarms not activating

Address any identified issues promptly to maintain fire protection system integrity.

Conclusion

Testing an electric fire pump according to NFPA standards is not only a code requirement—it’s critical for ensuring the safety and reliability of a fire protection system. Consistent testing, thorough inspections, and proper documentation help ensure that when a fire emergency arises, your electric fire pump will perform as expected.